Ke さんのプロフィールVitisフォトブログリストその他 ツール ヘルプ

Jiang Ke

全 3 枚中 1 枚目
他のアルバム (1 件)
2008年3月

field trip

drove down to Wilcox county to see mutangensis population there. already with buds, look like will bloom in a few days. They're really early.

p.s. ram 1500 is really tough, nowhere it couldn't go.
2008年3月

update

did some gardening, first time in my life.
got an xterra, haven't tested its off-road capabilityies, but the v6 4.0 is terrific, can feel the power behind it. actually, not much weaker than a 5.6 ram 1500. Absolutely a guy car.

2008年1月

颐和园

在纽约时报上读到了评论,然后就找来看了,据说是导演自己的最后剪辑版。在此谢谢电驴。

剧情这就不说了,省得被和谐掉。

电影总的来说还不错,节奏,台词,音乐,都控制的不错。这样的题材,这样的资金,能拍成这样已经很难得了。但是最后也还是只记得了几个镜头,几句话。

对于出生于八十年代初的我来说,十九年前夏天的事不过是一些对电视新闻模糊的记忆。在电影里我却看到了一张张洋溢着热情和青春的脸庞。那个举着“我爱自由”标语的二十岁上下的男生,有着我见过的最纯真,最幸福的笑容。就像A. Q. Scott在评论里说的一样, 这一刻, 这笑容唤起了我对自己生命中那段被热情, 理想, 梦想所占据的日子。我已经无法想起我上一次什么时候露出过他那样的笑容了,但是我知道,有着这样笑容的人,那一刻心里是多么的幸福。

可是,“战争中流尽鲜血,和平时寸步难行”。他们把他们的所有青春,热情,理想,和鲜血,留在了那个夏天,却要用以后的十年,二十年,或者一辈子,来偿还自由的代价。就像铭刻在华盛顿二战纪念碑前的那一行字:“Freedom is Not Free”。

而我们这些后来者呢?我们再也没有勇气和力量来尝试,再也没有勇气和力量来争取,再也没有勇气和力量来坚持,甚至再也没有勇气和力量来记起。

但是,我们也有青春,热情,鲜血和汗水,二十年后,我们把这些留在了哪儿?我把他们撒在了无数的试卷,习题上,我把他们撒在了实验室里,计算机前,我把他们撒在了TOEFL, GRE辅导书中。我无法在一个夏天释放我所有的青春,热情和理想,但我把他们,这些我生命中最宝贵的东西,小心翼翼的保存,分成一小部分,一小部分,然后一份一份的释放。我要用十年的分期付款来偿还自由的代价。这是一个人的自由之路,这是一个人为自由付出的代价。好吧,我无力为一个民族争取自由,但是有可能为自己一个人争取自由。每一个个人都自由了,一个民族的自由也将不再遥远。每多一个自由的人,一个民族也向自由又走近了一步。

我看到电影主人公们的困惑,迷茫和徘徊,看到他们十年,二十年后,依然混乱的生活,但我仍然能看到他们精心珍藏着那年夏天的回忆。我相信当年每一个在场的人,当重新拾起这回忆时,脸上会重现那纯真,幸福的笑容。无论用什么方式,用青春和热情去交换自由,是一件最幸福的事。

用电影最后的话来结束再合适不过了:

无论有没有自由,或者爱,在死亡面前,人人平等。希望死亡不是你的终点。对光明心存希望,在黑暗中就会无所畏惧。

2007年12月

Three Rules to Avoid Computer Problems

After recent frustrations in tweaking my father-in-law's windows laptop and fixing my own father's msn problems, I realized the three rules to avoid computer problems.

They are:

STAY AWAY from WINDOWS!
STAY AWAY from WINDOWS!!
STAY AWAY from WINDOWS!!!

Basically, that's it.

I'm writing this in Ubuntu (actually, a virtual machine in my iMac). The only reason I'm still writing here is it's the only blog most of my friends are still looking at (apprently, my google blog is blocked in China, and it is really dry, consisting only techinical stuff). 
2007年11月

Safari 3

The recent Tiger update brought Safari to 3.0.4, so we can use Google docs in Safari now. Not need to use those non-native browsers in OS X. (Camino is fairly good, but still has problems rendering pages with special characters.)
2007年11月

On the road

50th anniversery of Jack Kerouac's book, an excellent representation of the beaten generation. An equally exellent article from the new york times. Enjoy it. Notes for a Theory of the Road Movie By WALTER SALLES http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/magazine/11roadtrip-t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&oref=login The words I love: "Such films suggest that the most interesting road movies are those in which the identity crisis of the protagonist mirrors the identity crisis of the culture itself." "In a world that increasingly challenges these ideals, the importance of road movies as a form of resistance can’t be dismissed."

house (life) completely taken over

Echo's parents are here and my house (life) is completely taken over. Apparently, I lost a significant part of my normal life. I simply cannot continue my random, leisure and relaxed lifestyle, and overwhelmed by endless talking about foods and other boring stuff. Obviously, the last generation haven't learned to enjoy lives of their own. They refused to admitt their children were adults now, either. The biggest problem in Chinese culture is the lack of respect and privacy. That's why I'm struggling to learn these things after years later when I should learn these things. The root of this problem is Chinese's abnormally strong attachment to their families, actually, their parents' families. This subsequently leads to a lack of respect to the next generation, even after they've grown up. If there isn't an atomsphere of respect when you grow up, how are you able to show respect to others? But what is respect? How do you express it? For me, it's tolerance. You do whatever you want, and take responsibility of it. Don't force your opinion onto others becasue everyone has his own opinion. You can exchange the opinions but never force it, never posh it too much. Lack of tolerance is also a problem of Chinese culture. Last generation of average Chinese, like our parents, wouldn't believe how much tolerance Americans showed to different cultures and how many efforts Amercians spent to build an equal opportunity society and promote cultural diversity. After all, tolerance is the nature of liberty and freedom.
2007年10月

Leopard is here! and trivia...

Attended a Leopard demo yesterday. In case some of you don't know, Leopard is Mac's new OS 10.5, the current version is 10.4 Tiger.

First, of course, for those of you are command line geeks, Leopard is a fully certificated UNIX system now. I am personally a great fan of open source. Open is the characterisitc of science, right? So using Mac is more about those great open source and UNIX softwares. Sometimes, they are the only things can get your jobs done. Sometimes, they just make your life so much easier. And sometimes, it just makes you feel more comfortable to hate that miserable, horrible and terrible company founded by Mr. Bill Gates.

Anyway, I'm now platform free. I'm working primarily on the Macs in lab and at home. Macs handle sceintific computating and image processing really well. And the Mac cluster in the department is really good at everything. I'm also running windows2000 through VM on the iMac at home, because there isn't a very user-friendly GIS application on Mac. Occasionally, I would pull out my 2001 TOSHIBA laptop and play around Ubuntu. Tasting the difference between Ubuntu and OS X is fun, but sometimes can be a nightmare.

OK. Let's come back and see what we would get in Leopard.

Time machine! It's amazing, now backup your computer can be really easy and you, finally, will do it regularly. The cons are you need a fairly large external hard drive, and it must be physically attached to your Mac. They dropped the wireless backup in the last minute. Maybe they haven't figured out the stability issues.

Coverflow in finder (Quick look)! Amazing again, imagine you got a preview for all your files, incuding documents, pics, moives,..., without opening them in different applications. That is ideal for someone like me hates to give files very long names to keep track.

Better integration of Mail and others, like iCal and iPhoto. something for fun.

Heard about something like a calendar server in Leopard server, that could be useful.

New Xcode! kind of interesting, looking forward the new objective-C. Boot camp, now official! It's been around for a while. Personall I prefer VMware fusion.

Finally, most of you may not be expecting, the Safari 3. Now Safari is fully compatitable with Google docs, that's exactly what I want. Firefox is excellent, but too professional for me....

Maybe after a while I will try it out on my macbook pro. It's good I haven't touched the UNIX part on that machine so far. Appreantly, upgrade OS X will overwrite folders like use/bin, which probably is not a good thing. If you are using fink, you are in good shape. Fink is designed not to touch your system, everything is in /sw.

So good luck!
2007年10月

Something you won't know within China

中国“劫持”谷歌,雅虎,微软搜索网站 Search Engine Land的Danny Sullivan报道说,最近许多中国境内和使用中国互联网服务的用户在尝试登录谷歌,雅虎,微软搜索网站时被转到中国搜索网站百度。报道者说并不清楚详细的技术过程,但是2002年的一则新闻报道了相似的情况。那时侯,北京的官员否认了政府在其中起了任何作用。这类事件都应归于政府的责任吗?毕竟,有详细的纪录表明,中国政府对互联网进行审查以便控制中国公民在网络上的活动。 来源(英文):http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9799973-7.html?tag=nefd.only comments: if baidu is STILL doing business in this way, this company is a total piece of shit. if the government did play a role in these events (we know it did, right?), the government should go to hell.
2007年10月

Al Gore and Nobel Prize

When I was still in high school, I read a series of environmentalists' books, including 'the Walden' and 'the silence of the spring'. What I can recall today is the later one has a preface written by the then vice-president of US, right, Al Gore. This guy entered my vision in 2000, when he lost a VERY VERY VERY close election. I've just got to see the actuall ballot used at that time. It's MISLEADING. And American did pay a lot for their choice since then. Someone said Iran's president is the most idiotic leader they met. This is kinda tricky. If Nejad is the most idiotic, where should we put Bush in? Last I saw Mr. Gore is in the Oscar-winner documentary 'An Inconveinent Truth'. This is a really shocking movie. Right, movie, several of the scientific facts in that documentary are flawed, like charts without label and unit. But the overall message is clear. I even got attacked in the maillist when I was trying to get more people's attention to the climate change issues. It's really the time when we need to change to a more sustainable life style. Especially those people living in developed countries. Green is not a bad thing, it will be definitely a healthier life. Now this guy was awarded an ammy, an oscar, and a Nobel Prize. He's not perfect even not great (at least good) at science, but he did help a lot bring us to the climate crisis topic. The more people participate, the more likely we come up with a solution, and the better for all human beings.
2007年10月

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TLD3Z6sJWA

V's speech from V for Vendetta by Alan Moore Good evening, London. Allow me first to apologize for this interruption. I do, like many of you, appreciate the comforts of every day routine- the security of the familiar, the tranquility of repetition. I enjoy them as much as any bloke. But in the spirit of commemoration, thereby those important events of the past usually associated with someone's death or the end of some awful bloody struggle, are celebrated with a nice holiday. I thought we could mark this November the 5th, a day that is sadly no longer remembered, by taking some time out of our daily lives to sit down and have a little chat. There are of course those who do not want us to speak. I suspect even now, orders are being shouted into telephones, and men with guns will soon be on their way. Why? Because while the truncheon may be used in lieu of conversation, words will always retain their power. Words offer the means to meaning, and for those who will listen, the enunciation of truth. And the truth is, there is something terribly wrong with this country, isn't there? Cruelty and injustice, intolerance and oppression. And where once you had the freedom to object, to think and speak as you saw fit, you now have censors and systems of surveillance coercing your conformity and soliciting your submission. How did this happen? Who's to blame? Well, certainly there are those more responsible than others, and they will be held accountable, but again truth be told, if you're looking for the guilty, you need only look into a mirror. I know why you did it. I know you were afraid. Who wouldn't be? War, terror, disease. There were a myriad of problems which conspired to corrupt your reason and rob you of your common sense. Fear got the best of you, and in your panic you turned to the now High Chancellor, Adam Sutler. He promised you order, he promised you peace, and all he demanded in return was your silent, obedient consent. Last night I sought to end that silence. Last night I destroyed the Old Bailey, to remind this country of what it has forgotten. More than four hundred years ago a great citizen wished to embed the fifth of November forever in our memory. His hope was to remind the world that fairness, justice, and freedom are more than words, they are perspectives. So if you've seen nothing, if the crimes of this government remain unknown to you, then I would suggest you allow the fifth of November to pass unmarked. But if you see what I see, if you feel as I feel, and if you would seek as I seek, then I ask you to stand beside me one year from tonight, outside the gates of Parliament, and together we shall give them a fifth of November that shall never, ever be forgot.

Thomas Friedman's speech

Thomas Friedman, the New York Times columnist famous for the book 'the world is flat', gave a talk today here at Auburn University. It was fun and entertaining, and he's definitely got a kind of sense of humor. The question about China in the Q&A session was really interesting. When someone asked that wether it's ture the 21st century will be the China's century, he quoted his mom: 'that country, whatever, wouldn't be the one censors Google'. We all know this, right? The flat world started with the fall of wall in Berlin, so the country who builds walls (such as the Great firewall) won't be a success in the flat world. More importantly, the flat world, or the globalization 3.0, is an era of individual power and creativity. I can't see any possibility of success for a country who tries to control the minds of its people. In other words, personal energy and creativity won't be released without personal freedom. Can you imagine people in a country without freedom of speech leading the innovations in the world? Absolutely NOT! So, in this era, open society will survive while closed society will die off. But as suggested in Mr. Friedman's recent column article, China wants to be green and stay red, it's a mission impossible. In a flat world with more and more open societies, if you are partially open, basically it's the same as CLOSED. Chinese government likes to argue that China is different, Chinese culture is different, Chinese people is different. NO. NO. NO. It's absolutely wrong. Chinese government signed the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. And China depics itself as a 'responsible' country in the international society. Not to mention it's one of the five 'big' members in UN security concil. Last but the most important, Chinese people are also human beings, should enjoy the universal HUMAN RIGHTS. The closing remark: China won't success until its people are totally free. There is no shortcut to get around this: individual freedom and success first, then the country.
2007年9月

Valerie's letter from V for vendetta

I don't know who you are. Please believe. There is no way I can convince you that this is not one of their tricks. But I don't care. I am me, and I don't know who you are, but I love you. I have a pencil. A little one they did not find. I am a women. I hid it inside me. Perhaps I won't be able to write again, so this is a long letter about my life. It is the only autobiography I have ever written and oh God I'm writing it on toilet paper. I was born in Nottingham in 1957, and it rained a lot. I passed my eleven plus and went to girl's Grammar. I wanted to be an actress. I met my first girlfriend at school. Her name was Sara. She was fourteen and I was fifteen but we were both in Miss. Watson's class. Her wrists. Her wrists were beautiful. I sat in biology class, staring at the picket rabbit foetus in its jar, listening while Mr. Hird said it was an adolescent phase that people outgrew. Sara did. I didn't. In 1976 I stopped pretending and took a girl called Christine home to meet my parents. A week later I enrolled at drama college. My mother said I broke her heart. But it was my integrity that was important. Is that so selfish? It sells for so little, but it's all we have left in this place. It is the very last inch of us. But within that inch we are free. London. I was happy in London. In 1981 I played Dandini in Cinderella. My first rep work. The world was strange and rustling and busy, with invisible crowds behind the hot lights and all that breathless glamour. It was exciting and it was lonely. At nights I'd go to the Crew-Ins or one of the other clubs. But I was stand-offish and didn't mix easily. I saw a lot of the scene, but I never felt comfortable there. So many of them just wanted to be gay. It was their life, their ambition. And I wanted more than that. Work improved. I got small film roles, then bigger ones. In 1986 I starred in "The Salt Flats." It pulled in the awards but not the crowds. I met Ruth while working on that. We loved each other. We lived together and on Valentine's Day she sent me roses and oh God, we had so much. Those were the best three years of my life. In 1988 there was the war, and after that there were no more roses. Not for anybody. In 1992 they started rounding up the gays. They took Ruth while she was out looking for food. Why are they so frightened of us? They burned her with cigarette ends and made her give them my name. She signed a statement saying I'd seduced her. I didn't blame her. God, I loved her. I didn't blame her. But she did. She killed herself in her cell. She couldn't live with betraying me, with giving up that last inch. Oh Ruth. . . . They came for me. They told me that all of my films would be burned. They shaved off my hair and held my head down a toilet bowl and told jokes about lesbians. They brought me here and gave me drugs. I can't feel my tongue anymore. I can't speak. The other gay women here, Rita, died two weeks ago. I imagine I'll die quite soon. It's strange that my life should end in such a terrible place, but for three years I had roses and I apologized to nobody. I shall die here. Every last inch of me shall perish. Except one. An inch. It's small and it's fragile and it's the only thing in the world worth having. We must never lose it, or sell it, or give it away. We must never let them take it from us. I don't know who you are. Or whether you're a man or a woman. I may never see you or cry with you or get drunk with you. But I love you. I hope that you escape this place. I hope that the world turns and that things get better, and that one day people have roses again. I wish I could kiss you. Valerie X from V for Vendetta Written by Alan Moore. Art by David Lloyd.
2007年9月

Let Freedom Ring

Damn livespace won't let me change line. To see a comfortable version: http://vitisman.blogspot.com/ Let Freedom Ring by Vitis Freedom, Forever. Freedom is the last bit, though only a very tiny bit, of me. Freedom will be shared among families, friends, and everyone. Freedom will be defended by everyone, by toil and tear, by fresh and blood, at any cost. Fresh, blood, and brain, they are all organic, biotic, and on the way to death. But that last bit, will last forever. Because this bit is the last stand of you, me and all of us. The last stand why we deserve being called human beings. Once swim the deep ocean, it's really difficult to be in a net. Once fly the blue sky, it's really difficult to be in a cage. Once see, taste, touch and feel the freedom, it's really difficult to be in that country. Once you begin to defend the last bit, it's really difficult to be beaten. Once you are free, you're forever free . Let freedom ring. Let freedom ring. Let freedom ring.
2006年11月

This is crap!

this space is becoming a crap. Ok, say goodbye to MS, without microsoft, we will live better... 88...
2006年8月

V for Freedom

Behind the mask,
Is not fresh and blood,
It is idea,
And idea,
Is bulletproof.
-----V
 
The script of 'V for Vendetta', or words by V in the movie, really impressed me. Although this movie is nor
perfectly satisfied by fans of comic version, because of its simplified story lines, neither by our people who
has ture experience in a real totalitarianism conutry, because of its naive desciption of thought control, the
idea of the novel by Alan Moore has been preserved well. Yes, the idea is, every one is V, because every one is
reponsible for his own freedom. Once you stop thinking and doing to protect your freedom, it will be taken away,
because 'the only chance the devil gets is when good man do nothing' (Edmurnd Burke).
 
Facta non verba
-----Latin proverb
 
In March, 2005, all of the self-organized noline forums in Chinese Universities are closed under the order of
the government. Then they are reopened as 'within campus information exchange platform' with a real name
registration system. Students in Tsinghua University gathered around a stone in which a Latin proverd is carved,
'Facta non verba', to give an informal funeral to their dead site. Obviously, they did not believe the shutdown
is an action of law endorcement and security enhancement. So did not I. After I came to the States, I discovered
what the 'Great Firewall' is. And more, I came to realize that the people of the country I lived for 24 years,
have not got freedom yet.
 
Remeber, Remeber,
5th of November,
The gunpowder, plot and treason,
I canot see why,
it should be forgotten.
-----V
 
Guy Fawkes, who tried to blow out the Parliment of England, cannot be forgotten, because he left his name in our language. We are guys...
 
He is my father.
He is my mother.
He is my brother.
He is you.
He is everyone...
-----Evey
 
Everyone is V...
 
At this time, words are deeds. Speaking out, this is the action we should take. Get to write and publish your words, remeber, the only chance the devil gets is when good men do nothing.
 
And we are all V...Going to fight, for our own Freedom.
2006年7月

V--Freedom! Forever!

Voilà! In view, a humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of Fate. This visage, no mere veneer of vanity, is it vestige of the vox populi, now vacant, vanished. However, this valorous visitation of a by-gone vexation, stands vivified, and has vowed to vanquish these venal and virulent vermin vanguarding vice and vouchsafing the violently vicious and voracious violation of volition. The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta, held as a votive, not in vain, for the value and veracity of such shall one day vindicate the vigilant and the virtuous. Verily, this vichyssoise of verbiage veers most verbose so let me simply add that it's my very good honor to meet you and you may call me V.
  
  请您注视这里!您的视线之内,一个谦逊的善于杂耍之人,在命运的兴衰起落之中,同时扮演者万劫不复恶人及其罪恶下的苦难受害者。这幅面具,这个戏谑的容貌,不仅仅是虚无的矫饰,而且是人民心声的点点痕迹,然而现在也都变得虚无,消失殆尽。然而,当勇敢的对视过往的痛苦,这幅面具要奋起抗争,并发誓消灭那些污秽剧毒的寄生虫似的主导性罪恶,并赐予民众极端的充满暴力与贪婪的反抗意志。而如今,唯一的裁决就是复仇;如此深仇,是一种自我奉献,却不是自命不凡或徒劳无功。总有一天,这复仇的价值和真理将被视为警觉性的启示或道德性的纯洁。那么,就现在而言,让我不再冗长的表述这些空话,而只是简洁的表达出我内心真实的感觉,见到您是我的荣幸,而您可以将我称作“V”
 
People should not be afraid of their governments.
 
Governments should be afraid of their people!!!
 
2006年7月

A Gene's Tale

A gene's fate during the evolution process is just like a men's fate in history: birth, growth and death. The point is, it is not a boring and routine procedure as a mid-class white-collar's life, it is an adventure, full of opportunities, amazement and of course, risk and danger, like the trip of a National Geographic photographer.

 

Generally, a gene is born from a duplication event. This can happen in several different ways, such as whole genome duplication, chromosome rearrangements and retropostion, which is assistant by transposable elements. The basic idea is that because you have a sibling, say, the original copy of the gene, as back up to confer the normal function and support the whole organism, you, as the newly member of this gene family, are free to explore something new. Think about this situation: if you have a lawyer brother to take care of Mum and Dad, you are free to be a treasure hunter.

 

Unfortunately, most of the treasure hunters ended up without any real treasure. Most of the duplicated genes ended as 'dead' genes--pseudogenes because of the accumulation of mutations without finding out any opportunities to carry out a new function. What I would like to point out here is that mutations are not always ugly things. Remember, large proportion of the variations during the evolution originated from mutations. Sometimes, duplicated gene copies take over certain part of work doing by progenies. A group of siblings, which will call each other 'paralogs' if they are working together in an organism, share multiple responsibilities assigned to their ancestor. This is called subfunctionalization. This can happen in a very tricky and sophisticated way. For example, there are ten cis-regulatory elements controlling the expression of the ancestor gene. Each elements contains the information to direct some specific aspects of this gene's expression. Long time after the duplication event, we may discover that each copy carry five of those elements, and as a result, each gene copy can only confer half of the functions the ancestor was doing. Even this process or result did nothing to do with the fitness, the sub-division of multiple functions may be preserved.

 

Occasionally, neofunctionilization, which means a duplicated gene really got success in exploiting new functions, do happens. This is more subtle beyond the simple language (neo-functional-ization) I put here. There are two major mechanisms to exploit new functions. Sometimes, new copies accumulated mutations altering the amino acids, then, protein, it codes. The alternation of protein sequence changed the properties of the whole molecule and may influence the interaction with other molecules, such as signal ligands or other proteins. In other cases, the regulatory elements controlling the expression of new gene may be slightly or totally different from the original one. The temporal-spactio pattern of gene expression may dramatically changed after gene duplication. Some newly generated paralogs may obtain tissue specific expression that different from the ubiquitinous expression of old ones and produce huge effects on the development of those tissues. Finally, the most crucial step is that if the newly gained functions increase the relative fitness of the individual among peers, it is possible the functions, as well as the new gene copies responsible for them, will be preserved by natural selection.

 

So it is very interesting experience to trace the fate of a gene, or the whole gene family. Trace their origination, expansion, dynamics and degeneration, is just like telling a story full of dramatic and fantastic events.

 

That is also what I am doing now. Exciting, huh?

2006年7月

说说昨天的比赛

时隔六年,又一次看到意大利和法国站在世界大赛决赛的赛场上。除了法国的里贝里,马鲁达和阿比达尔,剩下的都是意甲的老朋友了。大家都知根知底。法国那些老家伙也不知道是吃药了还是真的焕发青春,三场淘汰赛下来,竟然渐入佳境。而意大利则是丑闻缠身,置于死地,期待后生。
 
先说法国这边。法国中场那两个后腰组合绝对是天下第一,维埃拉加马克莱莱组成的屏障,巴西也过不去。加上两边的突破,Z10在中间,法国这种战术,水准比意大利高一截。看看决赛的场面就知道了,法国完全压制着意大利,从进攻组织到处理球的小技术,都占上风。看起来就像德国和意大利的差距那么大。法国最大的弱点是那个已经持续了十年的老毛病,没有前锋。从九六年欧洲半决赛被捷克点球淘汰时就是那样。昨天搞到最后萨尼奥尔那么好的传中,中间头球攻门的竟然是Z10!要是换了意大利的托尼,只要看看那个被吹掉的进球就知道了:两倍远的距离,一下子顶进了大门左下的死角。其实法国下面坐着一个意甲的最佳射手,却不知道怎么使用,真是教练的一大悲哀。
 
其实这场决赛意大利打的不好,中场完全失控,皮尔洛孤掌难鸣,托蒂在梦游。但意大利最强的是那种置之死地而后生的气质。任你组织的如何漂亮,抢断如何凶狠,进攻如何流畅,进了禁区,就能封住你所有的角度,不给你射门的机会。即使有个把疏漏,门口还站着历来是世界上最好的门将。六年前荷兰的进攻是如何的了得,可面对十个人的意大利,只能望门兴叹。这就是为什么看意大利的防守,比看荷兰,巴西的进攻还要享受的缘故。昨天的比赛,无所不能的大卡绝对应该是最佳球员,最后让他举起金杯,是对他最大的肯定。
 
最后,意大利终于没有再一次倒在点球上,可喜可贺。希望下一次,英格兰也能过这一关。
 
2006年7月

伟大的意大利万岁!!!

伟大的意大利万岁!!!
 
那一刻,格罗索不是一个人!
 
那一刻,他背上的三号,让我仿佛看到了马尔蒂尼!
 
那一刻,相信每一个看了十年意甲的朋友们都看到了马尔蒂尼!
 
看到了90年的曼奇尼,94年的巴乔,98年的迪比亚乔和02年满脸是血的科科!
 
看到了96年的佐拉,看到了00年的卡那瓦罗和圣托尔多,看到了04年的托蒂!
 
意大利足球的先辈们,这一刻一定都在我们周围!
 
老马尔蒂尼,佐夫,罗西,斯基拉奇,曼奇尼,巴雷西,巴乔,阿尔贝蒂尼,小马尔蒂尼,都与我们同在!
 
整整六年前,那一幕就像在眼前.三个伟大的后卫和一个伟大的守门员,把荷兰潮水般一波又一波的进攻挡在意大利的大门外.当看到精疲力竭的大卡倒在地上还能把球破坏出边线的时候,上帝好象也被感动了.门柱和门梁两次挡出了荷兰的射门.在那一刻,我们第一次发现了坚强的防守也能具有如此的魅力.高傲的荷兰终于被铜墙铁壁般的意志吓退了!面对扑出无数点球的圣托尔多,斯塔姆恐惧的把点球射在横梁上,伟大的意大利用不屈的意志诠释了他们那被称为混凝土的防守!
 
几天以前,伟大的意大利又遇到了卑鄙猥琐的希丁克,遇到了野蛮的澳大利亚队.在又被莫名其妙早早罚下一人的时候,又一次靠顽强的意志撑到了最后,并靠一记绝杀的点球把那个骗子教练赶出了世界杯的赛场.
 
但是,历史总是在重复她自己.伟大的意大利又一次在极端困难的情况下把东道主请出赛场.面对裁判过于明显的偏向(巴拉克至少可以被罚下去两次),面对点球从未失手的德国队,在119和120分钟射出两记绝杀!而另一边,法国也和六年前一样,靠神奇的齐丹的点球淘汰了葡萄牙.这两支伟大的球队又一次站在决赛赛场上.
 
现在,六年前无所不能的大卡和赞布罗塔又回来了,现在我们还有吉拉迪诺,皮尔洛和加加.希望六年前的结局不要重演,因为你们不只是十一个人!伟大的意大利足球的先辈们,你们还与我们同在!希望在七月九日那一天,在柏林的上空,冠军的旋律能为伟大的意大利响起!
 
如果你们又一次倒下了,那也足够了,你们已经做的够多了.对澳大利亚,你们用十个人打败了十一个人,对德国,你们用十一个人打败了十二个人(裁判),不,你们用十一个人打败了几万人(数万德国球迷)!现在,和你们一起站在决赛赛场上的是另一个传奇,齐丹.伟大的意大利,你们已经做得够多了!你们让我再一次看到用意志支撑起来的防守也是如此美丽和精彩!
 
再一次,伟大的意大利万岁!
 
Italy dserved to win!!!!!!
2006年5月

Wedding announcement!!!

Here it comes--- our wedding ppt~~~ and have a look at our wedding website:

www.wedpagedesigns.com/echoandke

(still in build).

2006年5月

Is mitochondrial suitable for genetic diversity evalauation?

Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):570-2.
 
Population size does not influence mitochondrial genetic diversity in animals.
 
Bazin E, Glemin S, Galtier N.
CNRS UMR 5171-Genome, Populations, Interactions, Adaptation-Universite Montpellier 2 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
 
Within-species genetic diversity is thought to reflect population size, history, ecology, and ability to adapt. Using a comprehensive collection of polymorphism data sets covering approximately 3000 animal species, we show that the widely used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker does not reflect species abundance or ecology: mtDNA diversity is not higher in invertebrates than in vertebrates, in marine than in terrestrial species, or in small than in large organisms. Nuclear loci, in contrast, fit these intuitive expectations. The unexpected mitochondrial diversity distribution is explained by recurrent adaptive evolution, challenging the neutral theory of molecular evolution and questioning the relevance of mtDNA in biodiversity and conservation studies.
2006年5月

转载:Google's China Problem (And China's Google Problem)

翻译自纽约时报 By CLIVE THOMPSON
 
在中国,很多年轻人都把李开复当作名人。虽然不是像陈冠希或者演唱组合F4那样,但是这个44岁,总是身着一身灰色的计算机专家肯定能吸引一大堆粉丝。当这个谷歌中国公司的总裁在中国的大学发表演说,讲中国的年轻人如何该和世界上其他地方的青年竞争的时候,黄牛党会把门票炒到60美元一张。还有一次,李开复演讲的会场里有8000名听众,学生们被李开复的每一句话所吸引。

 

不难看出为什么李开复被崇尚科技的中国年轻一代视为偶像。他在台湾长大,之后去了美国,中英文都很熟练。在去年加入谷歌以前,他曾在加州为苹果公司工作,之后又效力于微软中国。他一手建立了位于北京的微软亚洲研究中心。他个人曾出版了"Be Your Personal Best,"一本卖得很好的励志类书籍,内容是关于中国学生需要接受有承担风险的精神的美国资本主义制度。七年前,他建立微软实验室的时候,就聘用了十几个中国顶尖的毕业生。现在他又在谷歌重复这样的步骤,“中国的学生绝对不同凡响。”他在北京和我见面的时候这样说。“他们有巨大的学习的欲望。”

 

在讲述科技带来的巨大解放的时候,李就像是一个传教士。他说,网络会给中国广大农村地区的人们带来更平等的机会。一旦国内的小乡村也实现了网络化,距离北京或者上海几千里之外的学生也能够学习麻省理工或者哈佛的网络课程,从而解决受教育的问题。李在去年夏天才加入谷歌,但是他身上早已经带着谷歌员工的那种热诚和理想化的信念。当他从微软离职的时候,他在个人网页上发表了一封感情洋溢的公开信,赞扬谷歌将信息传播给大众的这种使命感。他用了一个公式作为结论:年轻+自由+平等+ 颠覆+创新+用户为本+不要做坏事=谷歌的奇迹。

 

当我拜访李开复的时候,谷歌的奇迹正在北京的商业区的办公室里被进行着。这些小办公室看起来就像是在匆忙中租下来的。狭小的房间里挤满了穿着T-SHIRT的年轻人,围着巨大的纯平显示器,讨论谷歌的新程序代码。“我们这些人所抱的理想都是非常高尚而重要的,“李告诉我,“如何做出用户喜欢的东西,然后考虑下一步如何盈利。还有就是不要做坏事。”李开复指的是谷歌公司的格言。“不要做坏事---我想我在内心深处始终是一个理想主义者。”

 

但是谷歌最近几个月在中国的行动看起来却不怎么理想主义。在一月份,也就是李开复开办北京办事处不久,公司宣布将在中国市场推出新版本的搜索引擎。为了遵守中国的法律,谷歌同意净化所有中国政府不赞成的搜索结果。这其中包括法X功;宣扬言论自由的网站;或者任何提及天XXX的网站。如果你搜索“西藏”或者“法XX”,中国以外的google能给出几千个博客,新闻,还有讨论组。但是在中文谷歌上试试,绝大多数的链接都不见了。谷歌把他们删得一干二净。

 

谷歌的决定在美国反响极差。一月份,公司主管被召到国会听证会,他们的行为被拿来和纳粹合作者相比。公司的股票下跌,抗议者举着标语在公司总部外抗议。谷歌虽然并非唯一一家在最近由于中国问题而受谴责的美国科技公司,而且也不是做的最过分的。然而谷歌的管理者却应该另当别论。当公司在两年前上市的时候,公司年轻的创始人,Sergey Brin Larry Page 在写给证券所的文件中说,谷歌是一个值得信任的,关注公众利益的公司。谷歌现在却和压制自由的中国政权合作,他如何自圆其说?

 

我很难准确的了解李开复对于公司和中国政府的合作持怎样的态度。作为我和李开复会面的条件,谷歌不允许我提起有关此类的问题,只有公司在加州的总部才被允许谈论此话题。但是当我和李谈起网络是如何改变中国的时候,他的一个观点颇能说明问题:他所雇用的中国学生,其实并不渴望民主。“人们其实可以自由地谈论这个话题,他补充说,(指的是民主和人权问题)我不认为他们在乎这个。我认为大家会说:“美国民主,那是好东西。中国现在的繁荣和稳定,也是好东西。不管怎么样,我现在能去我喜欢的网站,能看到我的朋友,过得开开心心。”李开复说,当然,关于自我的表达,公开发表言论,已经变成了中国年轻人当中的热门话题,这是由于互联网的普及以及博客,论坛已经遍布中国。“但是我不认为这有什么政治含义,”李接着说,“我认为只是越来越多的人发现他们可以表达自己,并且被别人听到。他们喜欢这个,这样就够了。”

 

这样的话在我听来,就像是含糊的政治见解—一种缩了水的言论自由的概念。但是当我和中国的年轻一代网民相处一段时间以后,我听到的都是略有不同的类似观点。年轻+自由+平等+不要做坏事 这是一个等式,包含着几个恒量,却有着许多个可能的解答。当下,对于中国人来说,何谓自由?审查制度也有层次之分?限制信息也有好坏之分?在美国,这样的问题根本就无法被接受---对话到这里就该结束了。但是在中国,正如谷歌所发现的那样,对话才刚刚开始。

 

文化差异

 

事实上,谷歌在中国并不是先驱。雅虎是第一家进入中国市场的美国网络公司,在1999年就推出了中文网站,并在北京建立了办事机构。雅虎的决策层很快就认识到进入中国是多么困难—而且文化的障碍对于美国人来说是何等的巨大。例如,中国的生意人在沟通的时候不喜欢留言,留信息这样的方式,他们倾向于使用手机和短信。(我在联系一个中国总裁的时候就遇到对方电话关机,而且不能使用留言的情况)对于中国网民而言,网络最吸引人之处---这一点和美国不太一样—就是论坛。成千上万的关于不同问题的争论在论坛上出现。百度,一个2001年推出的中国搜索引擎,雅虎的早期竞争者之一,发明了一个讨论工具。允许人们对当前的热点搜索项目进行即时讨论。用户现在如果在百度搜索nba巨星姚明的话,他们找到的不只是关于他比赛的报道,他们还能加入和姚明有关的成千上万个聊天室。百度的聊天室每天会有超过5百万的发帖。

 

正如雅虎所发现的那样,这些文化上的细微差别导致了美国公司的网站对于中国用户而言太外国化了。也使得这些用户转投那些中国网站。这其中包括了新浪和搜狐。这两家网站的搜索引擎不那么好用,但是充斥着论坛聊天室还有政府批准的中文网站。高涨的民族情绪可能也有关系。“现在大家都有一种强烈自豪感,要支持自己人。”香港城市大学的LIH告诉我。

 

雅虎在另外一股席卷中国的浪潮里也走得太慢了:盗版的浪潮。自从Napster事件以后,西方国家普遍都把上网免费下载音乐和电影看作违法行为。当然在西方这种现象还是很猖獗,但是自从iTune的成功以后,更多的人愿意付费。在中国,下载盗版音乐,电影和软件就和上网查看天气预报一样平常。百度的总裁发现很多年轻人都在网上找盗版mp3,所以公司就专为此目的开发了一个界面。一天下午,当我在北京的一家网吧里的时候,隔着几张椅子的一个年轻人正在吸着可乐,看着下载的《最后的武士》,他的朋友则在使用百度来下载50cents乐队的新专辑。“差不多五分之一的百度流量来自mp3的搜索,这个在美国肯定不合法。”robin李,37岁的公司创始人说到,“现在我觉得唱片公司可能对我们提供的服务不太高兴。”他最近这样告诉我,“但我认为数字音乐是一种趋势,无法阻挡。”

 

一开始,谷歌在进入中国市场上的策略和雅虎就不同。2000年早些时候,谷歌的工程师悄悄地开始研发能够接收中文,日文,韩文的系统。到了年底,一个勉强能用的中文版google就诞生了。2001年的时候如果你在中国上网,谷歌的服务器就会检测到你的位置并自动连接到中文的界面。法文版的谷歌系统也是这样运作的。

 

就在百度吸引大批喜欢下载mp3的年轻人的时候,谷歌却在另一些人那里受到欢迎:中国大城市里面的白领,那些接受西方文化,说话夹杂着英文单词的,一个认同全球视野多于民族情绪的阶层。

 

靠着吸引这些人,谷歌在2002年底成功超越了雅虎,占领了中国搜索引擎流量的四分之一---这样的成绩完全是在加州的公司完成的,远离中国政府的影响。

 

防火墙构成的万里长城

 

接着在200293日,谷歌消失了。中国人在那天发现网站被封锁了,只剩下一个错误信息。中国政府开始封锁谷歌。中国在网络审查上主要依靠两个手段。对于境内的公司,政府使用一系列惩罚和恐吓手段来保证内容的干净。对于境外的网站,政府使用另一种卓有成效的控制方法:被称作网络上的中国万里长城。

 

当你在使用网络的时候,你感觉似乎是无形无界的。实际上却不是。通过光缆传输的信息需要经过真实的国境线。中国一共有三条光缆主线,中国的网络就以此来和世界连接。中国政府要求管理这些网络的公司设置路由端口,在国内外网络的交接处。其中一些设施是由sisco思科公司提供的,一家美国公司,作为中国的新审查员。

 

如果你用北京的一台电脑进入一个服务器在芝加哥的网站,你的浏览器就会发出一个请求,这个请求就会通过光缆传到审查的路由那里,然后被检查。如果请求的网站在中国政府的黑名单上—长长的名单—而且还在增多—请求被拒绝。如果请求没有被拒绝,路由接着就会检查所请求的网站上有没有敏感词汇。如果网站包含一个类似“法X”或者1989XXX之类的,路由就会阻断信号,回到网吧,你就会看到浏览器给出一个错误提示。这个过滤系统的复杂程度让人惊讶,可以让某个网站的一些网页通过,同时封锁一些页面。当我在北京的网吧上网,我可以浏览BBC的娱乐和体育页面,新闻页面就打不开。

 

谷歌给审查者们带来了特殊的问题:由于当时谷歌在中国并没有办事机构,中国政府无权干涉,也没有能力让谷歌主动清除搜索结果。这样,网络长城的功效就只有一半了:它能够屏蔽谷歌的搜索结果所指向的网站,但是却没法阻止人们看到被禁网站的列表。例如你在上海,然后搜索人 权,你可以搜索到包括中国人 权组织在内的被中国政府屏蔽的网站。但是当你试图点击链接试图进入的时候,你就又会得到一个报告错误的提示信息。政府官员不喜欢这种状况--中国人由此能感觉到,他们的领导人对什么话题感到了威胁—但是谷歌很受欢迎,他们也不敢完全屏蔽。

 

2002年,状况发生了改变。中国政府决定全面屏蔽谷歌。为什么?各种理论充斥着。谷歌的创始人sergey告诉我,他怀疑是某个竞争对手从中挑拨—某个中国的竞争对手。但他很老练地没有给出任何一个名字。但是很多美国的网络总裁都相信百度在谷歌被封的事件中直接受益。一个在北京的合资企业家告诉我,屏蔽谷歌的幕后挑拨者就是百度,2002年,百度的市场占有率比谷歌低3个百分点。“百度的一些人就坐下来找了上百个能让谷歌被封的证据。”她说,(她坚持要求匿名,以免遭到官方的报复)“接着百度的人就拿着这些结果找到政府,说,看这些有危害的东西都是在谷歌找到的,这就是谷歌被封的原因。“百度坚决否认指责。当我和北京社科院的一位教授谈起的时候,他也否定对于百度的指责,争辩说百度本来就要比谷歌强,而且更了解中国人的需要。然而,许多了解内情的人都告诉我,中国本土的网络公司经常向政府反映竞争对手的网站内容,以此希望对手遭到打压。在中国,审查制度不只是一个政治工具,而且还是一个竞争工具—一根公司之间互相捶打对方的大棍。

 

自我审查有奖

 

10月份的一个晚上,当我去到一家网吧的时候,那里120多个机位已经被年轻人们占满了。(因为电脑和家庭网络还是很昂贵,所以很多年轻人都是去网吧上网,享受低廉的价格和高速的带宽—还有冷饮)每个人看起来都准备好好地享受一整个晚上:年轻的女孩穿这粉红色和黄色的hello kitty的运动衫,在几个聊天窗口之间切换。楼上一帮穿着橄榄色军装的年轻中国士兵,欢笑着徜徉在中世纪幻想的魔兽世界里。在一堵墙边,挨着一副褪色的功夫电影海报,贴着一行字:请勿浏览色情及违法网页。这个告示几乎没有任何作用;这里的每个人看起来根本不会去浏览关于天X门事件的网站。我询问了网吧的老板,他的顾客会不会经常浏览非法的内容。不经常,他笑着回答,就算有,也是黄色网站。他觉得封锁非法信息应该是政府的事。“政府不准看,那就是不该看。”

 

对于中国,西方人经常会犯的一个错误就是假设,政府进行审查是偷偷摸摸的。恰恰相反,党对于这个问题非常的诚实---甚至是骄傲。一个不愿意透露姓名的美国商人告诉了我一件事,关于他参加一个中国网络公司协会的颁奖礼,其中出席的包括主要的网络服务提供商。“我当时坐在听众席,然后他们就说,现在宣布年度自律奖!然后宣布了10个公司,给他们发了奖牌,然后握手。一位部长也在那里,还和每个人都拍了照。这基本上就像是自我审查优秀奖—然后每个观众都在鼓掌。”这位商人解释说,中国的网络审查,是警察的一项额外任务。一月份,深圳公共安全部门推出了两个可爱的卡通形象“网络警察”,被命名为JINGJINGCHACHA,每个网络警察都有博客和聊天窗口,市民可以和他们聊天。北京青年报引用深圳官员的话“这两个形象的主要作用是震慑。”文章接着解释说这两个形象主要是公开提醒所有网民,注意安全和健康地使用网络,自我规范网上行为,创造和谐网络环境。

 

震慑和“自我规范”,事实上在党使用审查制度控制私营网络公司方面很关键。要获准经营网络业务,私人公司必须签订一份协议,不允许包含某些特定话题的内容出现,包括“扰乱公共秩序或破坏稳定团结”,“损害国家荣誉和利益”,或者“违反国内风俗和习惯”。有一项禁令特别针对邪教或者其他迷信,这是很清晰地指向法XX的。但是整个协议的表述,有意地搞得很含糊。随便哪一级哪个部的官员都可以要求把他认为过分的内容清除掉。

 

国家信息产业部的官员每周都会召集各大网络服务公司的管理者开例会---特别是拥有新闻,博客和论坛的那些---讨论那些新的话题可能在本周出现,而且最好被清理掉。“私底下我们都叫他吹风会。--换句话说,就是会吹哪个方向的风。”那个美国商人说到。政府官员会在几天前就发出警告。

 

美国的网络公司在刚来中国的时候,都希望政府能够提供一份官方的黑名单,以及需要审查的敏感词。他们很快发现这样的清单根本不存在。取而代之,政府只是要求公司模糊地去进行自我规范。所以公司必须要参透中国的政治,从而自己了解什么东西政府会不喜欢。去年网上曾经流传着一个清单,据传是政府给博客公司的黑名单。事实上,这份黑名单是中国一家博客公司的一位年轻总裁自己整理的。每一次政府要求清理一个帖子,他就留意哪些内容是政府针对的。过了一段时间,他就开发出了自己的黑名单,让自己的公司以后免遭斥责。

 

不服从自我审查规范的后果很严重。一位美国的公共关系顾问最近在帮一家中国门户网站工作时见到,一天下午,警察冲进公司办公室,把CEO拖进了会议室然后严厉斥责他没能阻止违法内容。“事后他脸都吓白了。”这名顾问回忆说,“你必须理解,这些人都被吓坏了,真的吓坏了。他们很害怕被抓去坐牢。每天坐在办公室里,他们都在想着这种事。”

 

这样的结果就是,中国的网站总是会审查清除掉甚至比需要的还多的内容。中国这一整套体系是建立在一个经典的心理学事实上的:自我的审查永远要比官方的审查更全面更彻底。让每一件网络公司都各扫门前雪,政府就有效地控制了用其他方法难以监控的数十亿电子邮件,新闻,论坛话题。政府采用的方法看起来就像是让公司去自己揣测,然后时不时,怒气冲冲地要求网站在24小时内清理某些内容。James,一位美国的中国问题专家说:“他们的执法总是充满着随意性,让人觉得他们就是在监控所有事情。

 

政府的监控虽然很全面,但也有不灵的时候。某一天可能某个被禁的站点又突然看得到了,多数是由于路由器超出负载,或者政府突然决定容忍这个网站。第二天,或许这个网站就又消失了。总的来说,网民的举动都是很小心的。他们很少触及政府的戒条。在中国有许多不能够跨越的界限,大家不用经常谈论这个,但每个生活在其中,了解中国文化的人都或多或少的理解这些界限。这也正是美国公司对中国的环境感到困惑的原因。什么是被允许的?什么是被禁止的?

 

对比美国人经历的彷徨,当我问起中国的商人,政府的审查制度对于公司到底难不难操作。“我告诉你,绝对不会比在美国提交财政报表难。”XIN YEsohu的创始人这样说。还有一个晚上,我和CHARLES CHAO,新浪的总裁在上海一家爵士酒吧喝酒的时候,我问其他,多长时间他需要把新浪论坛上的帖子清理一次。他回答:“不太经常。”我问他,不太经常指的是一星期,一个月还是更久。他提出了反对,我不认为我应该谈论这个。虽然这样,他却没有因为我问的问题而感到困扰,“我不想把这个叫做审查制度,这就像每个国家都会有一种倾向。在美国也有些宗教禁忌不能谈论,大家都知道这个。”

 

阿里巴巴网站的老板JACK MA说的更直接“我们不想让政府生气。”我是在十月份的一天,在北京中国国际宾馆的大堂见到他的。MA的公司刚刚被雅虎收购了40%的股权,MA全权负责雅虎在中国的经营。他对于网上言论的看法是:“任何在中国属于非法的东西,都不会出现在我们的搜索引擎上。我们只是做生意。股东要的是分红,股东希望我们的顾客能够高兴。同时,我们也没有义务要在政治方面做这个做那个。忘记这个吧!”

 

小小的革命

 

去年秋天,在北京星巴克,我遇到了中国最著名的政治博客写手,ZHAO JING。他是一个31岁,穿着讲究而又帅气的人。当他说起90年代晚期网络的到来让中国发生了巨变的时候,言语中透出喜悦。政府之前控制了所有的媒体,但是中国的老百姓可以上论坛或者建立自己的博客了,这就像是解开了一把锁。就算你再谨慎,不愿谈论政治。你也可以只是公开的发表你对其他事情的见解---天气,体育---感觉上真是一场小小的革命。ZHAO(他现在就职于纽约时报北京分社)在言论方面要比大多数人都大胆,越界。大学毕业后,ZHAO在一座小城市的旅馆里做了接待员。他觉得如果自己够幸运,有一天也会有自己的事业。1998年他开始上网,开始意识到他真正想做的事情其实是谈论政治问题。他开始撰文发帖。在网上写了一段时间以后,一家报社的编辑就请他去做记者了。

 

“这就使网络的作用。”ZHAO说着,并露出一丝微笑,“我只上网了一个星期,就在省内外都出了名。我之前从来没想过自己能写东西。但我也意识到问题不在我,而是我居住的这座小城市。”ZHAO20033月丢了工作,由于他所在的报纸发表了关于一位支持政治改革的退休官员的文章,政府报复性地查封了报纸。但是ZHAO仍然渴望写作,因此就在一个服务器在英国的博客网上安了家。他以安替作为笔名,写了很多诙谐的支持言论自由的文章。这些文章很快就吸引了成千上万的读者。八月下旬,政府使用防火墙封掉了他的网站,这样在中国就没人能看到了。他转而使用微软的博客,MSN SPACE。虽然政府还在监控他的文字,但安替却仍然大胆地在写。安替告诉我,他知道自己很安全,因为他知道哪些界限不能碰。

 

“如果你只是每天上网写东西,批评政府,他们不会介意,”他说,“因为这只是言论。但如果你想组织一些人—哪怕只有三四个---那他们就要来收拾你了。因为这不是言论,而是有组织有预谋。人们说我很勇敢,但其实我不是。”网络给安替带来了一定的政治影响力,但他说起自己的博客对政府能产生什么影响时,却不怎么兴奋。更让他兴奋一点的,是他对自己的认识不断发生变化。还有几个中国的年轻人也是这样告诉我的。如果网络能给中国带来一场革命,那么革命也肯定是通过每个人的自我实现,通过许许多多微小的,平凡的方式。

 

一天下午,我去拜访了一位29岁的中国女士,JIANG JINGYI。她在EBAY开了一个网上服装店。当她打开自己在上海的繁华地区的公寓大门的时候,我感觉自己突然撞进了一间别致的SOHO流行时装店。三排衣架挂满了冬天穿的夹克,起居室的中间堆着运动衫,还有整齐地摆放着的跑鞋和靴子。我们坐在她摆了四台电脑的卧室里喝茶,JIANG通过翻译告诉我,她以前是一个设计师。但她自己很喜欢开店。所以有一天就决定在当地的服装厂进一些便宜的衣服,然后放在网上卖。衣服卖得很快,她得了3成的利润。接下来的三个月,她越卖越多。有一天她发现网上拍卖的利润已经超过了她原来工作的工资。她辞了工,开始专心搞拍卖。现在她每月的销售额超过100000元,合12000美元。

 

“我的父母没法理解。”她笑着说,一边用电脑向我展示她最新的拍卖,一件售价300元的夹克(网上她给这件夹克的描述是“非常时髦,穿起来很酷!” )现在JIANG的销售范围已经遍布全国各大城市。以前中国落后的银行系统和信用机制让网络交易很复杂。但现在贝宝---EBAY的网络交易系统—终于把中国和世界市场连了起来。她说自己准备开展小型的国际业务,把打折的衣服直接卖到伦敦或者洛杉矶。

 

妥协与放弃

 

谷歌到现在也没搞清楚,到底是什么原因让中国政府在2002年下了查封令。而查封令在两周之后又神秘地嘎然而止。但是就算解除了查封,谷歌还是有很多麻烦。中国的防火墙长城拖慢了所有进入这个国家的网络信号。一百次里面有十五次,谷歌会因为网络塞车而无法使用。防火墙也开始惩罚那些好奇的人们:如果有人查找一个敏感词汇,防火墙通常就回复一个虚假的错误信息,让人以为谷歌的系统坏掉了。然后接下去的好几分钟,用户就没法再连接上谷歌----这种惩罚可以算是数字化的一巴掌吧。对于谷歌来说,这些延迟和错误是个很大的问题,因为搜索引擎本因在毫秒之间给出结果。百度,谷歌的主要中文竞争对手,就没有这样的问题,因为他们的服务器就在中国本土,在万里长城之内。更糟的是中国的大学网络不能够访问国外网站,意味着谷歌在其他国家最忠实的粉丝,在中国却不得不选择百度。

 

BRIN和其他谷歌的总裁们意识到,防火墙留给他们的只有两个选择,而且都是他们不情愿的。如果谷歌继续置之不理,继续只在国外运行,那么结果只能是被防火墙拖慢,甚至更不公平的封锁---最终,市场份额就会被百度和其他中文搜索引擎瓜分。如果他们开办中国分部,把服务器开在中国,防火墙的问题就不存在了,服务速度立刻就能提升。但是谷歌就必须屈从于中国的审查制度。

 

大棒加胡萝卜最终把谷歌引到了中国。百度就是大棒:截至2005年,百度已经彻底地击败了竞争对手,几乎抢占了一半的中国搜索引擎市场,而谷歌的市场份额缩水到了27%。胡萝不就是谷歌公司自己的一个概念,让一个独裁的国家的人民拥有更多的信息来源,这就是在做好事。公司的职员指出,他们肯定要比那些屈从于审查制度的中国公司做得好。当然,谷歌也必须清楚最敏感的政治网站----宗教团体,民主组织,天XX纪念---还有黄色网站。但是相比中国用户能够在谷歌上找到的内容,这些只是九牛一毛。谷歌还是能让中国人更多地了解艾滋病,环境问题,禽流感,全球市场。BRIN告诉我,利润,在综合考虑的因素中占的比重不大。他认为谷歌要想在中国盈利至少需要好几年。他认为,事实上进入中国市场的商业考虑并没有希望中国人能够好地获取信息的考虑多。“我们最终决定作出这个妥协。”

 

他和起来管理层开始讨论哪些妥协他们能够接受。最后决定是,不像雅虎和微软,他们不提供中文的邮件和博客服务,因为这样的服务会被迫使得他们要审查博客或者要把不同政见者的信息提交给秘密警察。他们还决定不会撤销现有的,没有审查过的中文版谷歌。这样一来,他们实际上就给中国人提供了两个搜索引擎。中国网民仍然可以进入旧版google.com;这个版本提供没有审查过的搜索结果,虽然敏感的结果最后仍然会带来一个错误页面,虽然该版本仍然会很慢而且时不时地被防火墙整个封杀。新版的谷歌是google.cn,这一版的内容会经过审查---但是会快得多,可靠而且不会被防火墙阻挠。

 

BRIN和他的小组决定如果他们必须要清理例如“天XX事件”的搜索结果,那他们会在搜索结果的顶端放上一个声明,解释说根据中国法律,有些结果被隐去。当中国的用户查找被禁止的条目,BRIN说,“他们至少能注意到有东西没有了,或者至少注意到国家的控制。”这就使计算机专家经常使用的解决方案:信息缺失其实也是一种信息。(谷歌的法语和德语版也会显示类似信息,针对一些支持纳粹的网站)

 

BRIN的小组还要接受另一个挑战:如何决定哪些网站要屏蔽?中国政府不会给他们一个黑名单。所以谷歌的技术人员就借助高科技手段。他们在中国境内设置了一台计算机,然后设置程序让该机访问国外站点,一个接一个地试。如果有站点被屏蔽了,就意味着政府把它视为非法---这个网站就被加进谷歌的黑名单。

 

200512月,谷歌的管理层在许可证上签字,正是进入中国市场。他们从来没有正式地和政府官员坐下来,接受审查协议。他们决定自己先这么做---然后等着政府的反应。

 

中国风暴

 

Google.cn于今年一月27日正式运营,维护人权组织的成员马上登陆新的引擎,察看它是如何运作的。谷歌的自我清查非常全面,有关法XX的第一页搜索结果,都是反对法XX的网站。谷歌的图片搜索,也是很出类似的结果。输入天X门,你看不到XXXX,只能看到夜晚的美景还有幸福的中国夫妇在那里的合影。

 

谷歌的时机实在选得太差了。Google.cn的做法被代入一个政治语境,和其他在华科技公司的做法相提并论。去年九月,无国界记者组织透露,在2004年,雅虎把一封用户的个人邮件交给中国政府。导致SHI TAO,一名商业记者,在把关于政府规范媒体的文件传给境外网站的时候被捕。他被判入狱10年。接着在12月,微软遵从政府的要求,关闭了安替的博客。值得注意的是,微软的博客服务器甚至没有在中国;公司有效地遵从了大洋彼岸政府的审查,删除了位于美国的服务器里的资料。

 

对比这些事件,谷歌的管理层也许表现得更负责更道德。但是中国问题的风暴在二月席卷了硅谷,谷歌首当其冲。国会召集了三家公司进行听证---一起的还有csico,中国万里长城的硬件提供商---立法会质疑了三家公司的做法,谷歌更是被特别地教训了一顿。他们质问,一家以“不要做坏事”为口号的公司为何与中国的审查者合作。“这样你们的公司就成了中国政府的打手,”JIM LEACH,爱荷华州的民主党人说,“如果国会也想学学怎么审查,我们就找你们谷歌。”

 

安替给出的排名

 

2月份,我又一次见到了安替,这时候距离他的博客被关闭已经两个月了。我们在北京的一间酒吧喝酒。安替还是像之前那样充满活力,虽然他有点后悔上次自己所做的乐观的评价。“我现在有一点愤世嫉俗。”他的博客被封是因为一篇日志,谈到中国一家报纸的主编被炒。他当时呼吁大家抵制该报。这个举动显然是越界了。已经不只是言论那么简单,因为安替号召了大家去行动。政府联系了微软,要求关闭安替博客,公司同意了。这个举动召来了大批拥护言论自由人士的抗议,他们指责微软甚至在中国政府还没给出正式的要求之前就屈从了。

 

微软似乎对公众的抗议已经习以为常。在国会听证的时候,公司的政府关系总管表达了遗憾。为了挽回颜面,微软高层指出他们备份了被删掉的博客日志,并把他们寄给了安替。安替告诉我,微软并没有提及,他们拒绝把日志通过电子邮件发给他,他们只是刻了一张碟,然后寄到安替要求的美国境内任何一个地址。微软看起来太害怕中国政府了,安替苦笑着说,他们甚至不敢通过邮件把被查禁的东西寄到中国。(微软拒绝对本文发表评论)

 

我原本以为安替会很愤怒。但他却出人意料地很平静。他把几家公司进行了道德上的排名,扳着手指一间间的数。他说,谷歌应该排在最前。它确实真诚地在改善中国人获取信息的质量,而且在这样坏的体系里希望做到最好。微软其次;安替显然对他们的做法不太高兴,但他说微软还是提供了一个好用的博客工具,毕竟给中国人提供了一个公开发表意见的空间。雅虎排在最后,安替对他们的态度唯有怨恨。

 

“谷歌做出了妥协。”他说到,有时候妥协是必要的。但是雅虎的行为,却要被归到另一类:“雅虎是叛徒,中国人都痛恨雅虎。”安替说,不同点是雅虎把一个不同政见者置于危险当中,而且很明显没有考虑到对人权的伤害。(雅虎没有做出评论)谷歌却相反,他们避免了那些有可能导致人们入狱的服务。安替说,他们虽然也在审查信息,但他们犯的错无非是删掉一些信息,而不是删掉自己的人性。

 

失真的世界

 

安替的道德观点很让人惊讶,不只是因为对于美国的思维方式来讲太过陌生。大多数美国人,特别是多数思考和写作关于中国问题的美国人,他们的思维中不存在折中的民主,或者折中的言论自由。一个国家要么就完全拥护这些自由,要么就是跌进了集权国家的深渊。但是中国的博客写手和网民们其实之前早已经在谷底待着了。从这个角度来看,被审查过的互联网,已经对中国社会产生了深远的影响。对于年轻一代来说,网络把公共言论变成了一种日常行为。这个角度也正是谷歌所接受的。由此引出一个有趣的问题:一个不完美的互联网能否带来一个更完美的社会?

 

有一位我采访过的总裁把中国的互联网问题总结为“失真的世界”的问题。如果那些用谷歌搜索法XX的人看到的都是反对的网站,他们的世界观会是怎样的? 他们也许会相信谷歌的权威,假设情况就是这样。这正是最近国会听证会上,民主党代表CRISTOPHER SMITH所担心的。“关于敏感问题,当谷歌只是带给你正面宣传的信息,那么谷歌在其中就起了协从的作用。这样就影响了整个下一代---他们会认为,也许我们可以生存在独裁的环境里。没有什么LECH WALESAS(波兰革命的领袖人物),民主永远都不可能实现。”对于SMITH来说,谷歌的逻辑就是妥协的逻辑。就像很多公司和种族隔离的南非打交道一样,谷歌太看重利益,而忽略政治问题。(本月早些时候,谷歌的CEO在北京见李开复时对记者说,谷歌去改变中国的审查制度,实在是很“傲慢”)

 

但是也许失真的世界对中国来说还是小问题,因为很多中国人告诉我,他们很久以前就学会了跳过党的那些虚伪的政治宣传和媒体控制。中国社科院的GUO LIANG教授告诉我一个显著的例子。“哈佛的一些人做了一个关于中国互联网的调查,我们他们调查结果是什么?他们回答,我们认为中国政府试图控制互联网。我就一直笑,我说,我们当然知道这个!”谷歌的审查过滤对GUO来说并没有什么值得讨论的,一点也不新鲜。

 

香港城市大学的教授ANDREW LIH说,大多数中国人抱有一种长远的眼光看问题。“中国人有五千年的历史,你现在封一个网站,他们只会想,用不了多少时间,它自己就会回来的。”或者想想中国那些想方设法登陆维基百科全书的人。最近,伟基百科被全面封杀。这些人希望说服维基的管理者能够建立一个中国政府允许的版本,禁掉那些在中国不合法的条目。他们说,这对于中国来说其实是好事,特别是那些边远地区学校。(到目前为止,维基仍然表示不会创建一个审查过的版本)

 

电脑程序的代码是很灵活的,因此有很多办法对抗虚伪---让信息审查这个事实或多或少被大家看到。在开发google.cn的过程中,谷歌曾经考虑禁掉和敏感话题有关的所有内容。也就是说在谷歌中国去搜索法XX,结果是一个支持的站点也没有,一个反对的站点也没有。那样能带来怎样的影响呢?别忘了,当谷歌推出审查版的google.cn的时候,仍然保留了旧版的搜索引擎。也就是说任何一个网民,只要输入一个敏感词,然后把新旧版本的结果做一个对比,就可以知道黑名单上到底有什么了。有些批评家甚至建议谷歌做得更多一点,直接把黑名单在美国公布,让审查制度变得完全透明。

 

超级女生理论

 

当我和李开复在他北京的办公室谈话的时候,有些时候我会感到他的前后矛盾。有一阵他就像一个热爱自由的谷歌人,强调说互联网给了每个网民以权力。但是下一分钟,他就更像阿里巴巴的总裁JACK MA---强调中国人对于引发动荡不感兴趣。在和中国的网络公司总裁聊天的时候,我一次又一次的听到这样的圆圈逻辑:我们不觉得清理掉敏感话题有什么不好,因为用户本来就不会去看那些东西。

 

也许他们是对的,用户是不会去看。但你也能很轻易地反驳说,他们不感兴趣只是因为他们被吓到了。谁会公开地在公共网吧查找不合法内容呢?---甚至是在家里—政府要求每个上网用户都要登记姓名和电话号码以便追踪。政府对网络的镇压甚至有可能变本加厉,如果中国广大的穷苦农民也开始上网。政府适度的容忍受过教育的知识分子的网络言论。但是那些被腐败的地方官僚欺压的农民们都是激进分子,他们对北京来说是现实的威胁。2004年有多达70000起抗议活动,其中很多都被强硬地镇压了。

 

在批评家眼中,谷歌是将中国网民的期望置之不顾,为了保证市场赢利而屈从于中国政府。李开复的话则代表一种完全不同的信念:互联网由于与生俱来的特性,将会逐渐瓦解政府控制言论的能力,为一个拥护民主的社会打下基础。从这个观点出发,中国的革命将不会存在“伟人”,也不会存在LECH WALESA式的英雄,激励被压迫的同胞,为民主而战的将是一亿毫不关心政治的年轻人,他们在博客上谈论他们的约会,他们喜欢的乐队,电子游戏---整整一代把公共言论当作日常习惯的年轻人。

 

在我们谈话当中,李开复谈起了去年的超级女生,一个模仿“美国偶像”的电视节目。和美国的版本类似,年轻漂亮的女孩在夺目耀人的包装之下演唱西方流行歌曲。每一回合,观众都可以通过短信选出他们最喜欢的参赛者。随着比赛进入白热化,开始了类似总统大选的拉票活动,组织起来的粉丝们建立网站,要求大家投自己喜爱的歌手。最后的决赛,有800万年轻人参与了投票;冠军是李宇春,21岁,学生打扮的她唱了爱尔兰乐队Cranberries的一首zombie

 

“我觉得这就是民主的一次实践。”李开复说,“大家为超级女生投票。他们喜欢这个比赛---他们上街去拉票。”换句话说,也许这并不是革命。但是这也许是个开始。
 
 
リスト項目が追加されていません。